[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2246},["ShallowReactive",2],{"research-for-tag-tree-crops":3,"research-series-null":1651,"research-series-Almond & Pistachio":1652},[4,83,144,205,266,331,362,512,656,753,889,972,1038,1116,1190,1256,1316,1375,1433,1481,1578],{"id":5,"title":6,"author":7,"body":8,"category":56,"createdAt":57,"description":21,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":60,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":70,"navigation":71,"path":72,"preview":73,"seo":75,"series":58,"shortDescription":21,"stem":80,"tags":81,"__hash__":82},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F21.dasi-2025-26-week-30.md","Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 30","Demeter Research Team",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":50},"minimark",[11,19,22,25,30,35,39,44,47],[12,13,14],"p",{},[15,16],"img",{"alt":17,"src":18},"Post image","\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-30\u002Ffb692e_95f3c3e759bc45c89b11761a783f7a6c~mv2.png",[12,20,21],{},"The headline DASI is little changed from prior publication as generally favourable conditions tip into heat stress in some areas.",[12,23,24],{},"The Sacramento Valley has been the weakest performer, with its local index declining 5.5% on continued heat stress not offset by other factors. The present season currently ranks in the top three out of the past 10 seasons.",[26,27,29],"h2",{"id":28},"_10-year-comparison","10-year comparison",[12,31,32],{},[15,33],{"alt":17,"src":34},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-30\u002Ffb692e_403a4dbbec634e5c904e5d5572fc43dc~mv2.png",[26,36,38],{"id":37},"county-level-breakdown-week-30","County-level breakdown - Week 30",[12,40,41],{},[15,42],{"alt":17,"src":43},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-30\u002Ffb692e_c91cea9199c94653a8da48e675a446d1~mv2.png",[12,45,46],{},"DASI is published every other Monday at 4am PST\u002F12pm GMT.",[12,48,49],{},"More granular views of the index (county level, irrigation district, GSA and custom footprints) are available via the Demeter platform.",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":53},"",2,[54,55],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":37,"depth":52,"text":38},"Almond Season Index","2026-04-20",null,"md",[61,62,63,64,66,68],{"image":18},{"image":34},{"image":43},{"image":65},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-30\u002Ffb692e_95f3c3e759bc45c89b11761a783f7a6c~mv2-2.png",{"image":67},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-30\u002Ffb692e_403a4dbbec634e5c904e5d5572fc43dc~mv2-2.png",{"image":69},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-30\u002Ffb692e_c91cea9199c94653a8da48e675a446d1~mv2-2.png",{},true,"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-30",{"image":18,"title":6,"meta":74},"Demeter Research Team · 1 min read",{"meta":76,"title":6,"description":21},[77],{"name":78,"content":79},"keywords","demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 30, Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 30, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-30, week","research\u002F21.dasi-2025-26-week-30","almond, dasi, season-index, week-30","x804CwpHcdmbEso-1D5syov5aKy5ELVlAAPIqTp8lws",{"id":84,"title":85,"author":7,"body":86,"category":56,"createdAt":123,"description":95,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":124,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":134,"navigation":71,"path":135,"preview":136,"seo":137,"series":58,"shortDescription":95,"stem":141,"tags":142,"__hash__":143},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F20.dasi-2025-26-week-28.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 28",{"type":9,"value":87,"toc":119},[88,93,96,99,101,106,110,115,117],[12,89,90],{},[15,91],{"alt":17,"src":92},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-28\u002Ffb692e_baf854d06c274ce9a58ba16f242d07f0~mv2.png",[12,94,95],{},"An unusually wet start to the bloom period gave way to highly favourable conditions that reversed February’s decline, leading DASI to its second-highest level in 10 years by the conclusion of bloom.",[12,97,98],{},"Abnormally high temperatures throughout the state since bloom have tipped into early heat stress, driving DASI off its highs. The effect was particularly marked in the Southern San Joaquin Valley.",[26,100,29],{"id":28},[12,102,103],{},[15,104],{"alt":17,"src":105},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-28\u002Ffb692e_da899898843b41d29178abe990e02416~mv2.png",[26,107,109],{"id":108},"county-level-breakdown-week-28","County-level breakdown - Week 28",[12,111,112],{},[15,113],{"alt":17,"src":114},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-28\u002Ffb692e_2d6b8d5584c642f5a935836693afd25e~mv2.png",[12,116,46],{},[12,118,49],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":120},[121,122],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":108,"depth":52,"text":109},"2026-03-30",[125,126,127,128,130,132],{"image":92},{"image":105},{"image":114},{"image":129},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-28\u002Ffb692e_baf854d06c274ce9a58ba16f242d07f0~mv2-2.png",{"image":131},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-28\u002Ffb692e_da899898843b41d29178abe990e02416~mv2-2.png",{"image":133},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-28\u002Ffb692e_2d6b8d5584c642f5a935836693afd25e~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-28",{"image":92,"title":85,"meta":74},{"meta":138,"title":85,"description":95},[139],{"name":78,"content":140},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 28, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 28, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-28, week","research\u002F20.dasi-2025-26-week-28","almond, dasi, season-index, week-28","M1IHMZUW6KZjRfpHFLJo3LfHRRGPpoSldl_vA6tSi4A",{"id":145,"title":146,"author":7,"body":147,"category":56,"createdAt":184,"description":156,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":185,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":195,"navigation":71,"path":196,"preview":197,"seo":198,"series":58,"shortDescription":156,"stem":202,"tags":203,"__hash__":204},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F19.dasi-2025-26-week-26.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 26",{"type":9,"value":148,"toc":180},[149,154,157,160,162,167,171,176,178],[12,150,151],{},[15,152],{"alt":17,"src":153},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-26\u002Ffb692e_03c8d47c85eb4151b669e742e4aba775~mv2.png",[12,155,156],{},"The statewide index continued its strong recovery into the conclusion of the bloom period, led by strong gains in the Sacramento Valley and the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley.",[12,158,159],{},"Minimal rainfall and rising temperatures throughout the state lifted DASI above its 10-year average as the almond crop moves into its next stage of development.",[26,161,29],{"id":28},[12,163,164],{},[15,165],{"alt":17,"src":166},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-26\u002Ffb692e_2b6cafb5d4b0441997d3d27387e5aefb~mv2.png",[26,168,170],{"id":169},"county-level-breakdown-week-26","County-level breakdown - Week 26",[12,172,173],{},[15,174],{"alt":17,"src":175},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-26\u002Ffb692e_b09077ddcaec4e6e80f03f21ebf750f5~mv2.png",[12,177,46],{},[12,179,49],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":181},[182,183],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":169,"depth":52,"text":170},"2026-03-16",[186,187,188,189,191,193],{"image":153},{"image":166},{"image":175},{"image":190},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-26\u002Ffb692e_03c8d47c85eb4151b669e742e4aba775~mv2-2.png",{"image":192},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-26\u002Ffb692e_2b6cafb5d4b0441997d3d27387e5aefb~mv2-2.png",{"image":194},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-26\u002Ffb692e_b09077ddcaec4e6e80f03f21ebf750f5~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-26",{"image":153,"title":146,"meta":74},{"meta":199,"title":146,"description":156},[200],{"name":78,"content":201},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 26, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 26, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-26, week","research\u002F19.dasi-2025-26-week-26","almond, dasi, season-index, week-26","O0v61ld_W_nc_y4zwgGcPNj7ii68KbxLR2j0LRL67C4",{"id":206,"title":207,"author":7,"body":208,"category":56,"createdAt":245,"description":217,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":246,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":256,"navigation":71,"path":257,"preview":258,"seo":259,"series":58,"shortDescription":217,"stem":263,"tags":264,"__hash__":265},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F18.dasi-2025-26-week-25.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 25",{"type":9,"value":209,"toc":241},[210,215,218,221,223,228,232,237,239],[12,211,212],{},[15,213],{"alt":17,"src":214},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-25\u002Ffb692e_5d1249b9b86a44538ecc3128c20096fb~mv2.png",[12,216,217],{},"The statewide index recovered substantially over the past week as average temperatures increased across the Central Valley and the abnormal rain events that had weighed on bloom conditions and the index receded.",[12,219,220],{},"The increase was particularly strong in the San Joaquin Valley, with the northern counties seeing a 29.4% rise in the index and the southern counties 28.9%. The rise in temperatures and reduction in rain events was especially pronounced in the south.",[26,222,29],{"id":28},[12,224,225],{},[15,226],{"alt":17,"src":227},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-25\u002Ffb692e_3b74c74cb49f46778f302549b7b15ca7~mv2.png",[26,229,231],{"id":230},"county-level-breakdown-week-24","County-level breakdown - Week 24",[12,233,234],{},[15,235],{"alt":17,"src":236},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-25\u002Ffb692e_a8b15ceb170d450097534b1b9056ae60~mv2.png",[12,238,46],{},[12,240,49],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":242},[243,244],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":230,"depth":52,"text":231},"2026-03-09",[247,248,249,250,252,254],{"image":214},{"image":227},{"image":236},{"image":251},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-25\u002Ffb692e_5d1249b9b86a44538ecc3128c20096fb~mv2-2.png",{"image":253},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-25\u002Ffb692e_3b74c74cb49f46778f302549b7b15ca7~mv2-2.png",{"image":255},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-25\u002Ffb692e_a8b15ceb170d450097534b1b9056ae60~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-25",{"image":214,"title":207,"meta":74},{"meta":260,"title":207,"description":217},[261],{"name":78,"content":262},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 25, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 25, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-25, week","research\u002F18.dasi-2025-26-week-25","almond, dasi, season-index, week-25","mArOHI2LuAaKAzZMAV7ezQEiUNQ3FFx6I3X05bKeS3Y",{"id":267,"title":268,"author":7,"body":269,"category":56,"createdAt":310,"description":278,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":311,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":321,"navigation":71,"path":322,"preview":323,"seo":324,"series":58,"shortDescription":278,"stem":328,"tags":329,"__hash__":330},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F17.dasi-2025-26-week-24.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 24",{"type":9,"value":270,"toc":306},[271,276,279,282,285,288,290,295,297,302,304],[12,272,273],{},[15,274],{"alt":17,"src":275},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-24\u002Ffb692e_a18c23b13912469d9ec88d7767ed2a88~mv2.png",[12,277,278],{},"The statewide index was little changed from prior week at 73.6, as a substantially improved index for the Sacramento Valley offset some of the decline from worsening conditions in the Southern San Joaquin Valley.",[12,280,281],{},"No relevant commentary.",[12,283,284],{},"The Sacramento Valley's index recovered on moderately drier conditions, although Shasta County experienced a significant frost event mitigated by its relatively low bearing acreage.",[12,286,287],{},"The Southern San Joaquin's index declined 10.4% driven by heavy rains which had largely avoided the region in the early part of bloom.",[26,289,29],{"id":28},[12,291,292],{},[15,293],{"alt":17,"src":294},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-24\u002Ffb692e_dd0fa99ff6d248c790003a67d7fc1bab~mv2.png",[26,296,231],{"id":230},[12,298,299],{},[15,300],{"alt":17,"src":301},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-24\u002Ffb692e_a43cf3af33bc400c943b7ff931c95edd~mv2.png",[12,303,46],{},[12,305,49],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":307},[308,309],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":230,"depth":52,"text":231},"2026-03-02",[312,313,314,315,317,319],{"image":275},{"image":294},{"image":301},{"image":316},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-24\u002Ffb692e_a18c23b13912469d9ec88d7767ed2a88~mv2-2.png",{"image":318},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-24\u002Ffb692e_dd0fa99ff6d248c790003a67d7fc1bab~mv2-2.png",{"image":320},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-24\u002Ffb692e_a43cf3af33bc400c943b7ff931c95edd~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-24",{"image":275,"title":268,"meta":74},{"meta":325,"title":268,"description":278},[326],{"name":78,"content":327},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 24, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 24, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-24, week","research\u002F17.dasi-2025-26-week-24","almond, dasi, season-index, week-24","NKko5QNnv2zZmV6IPqPc0Bfq-GFD7awrtXhVSDisOTg",{"id":332,"title":333,"author":7,"body":334,"category":338,"createdAt":339,"description":340,"downloadGate":341,"extension":59,"images":58,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":349,"navigation":71,"path":350,"preview":351,"seo":355,"series":58,"shortDescription":340,"stem":359,"tags":360,"__hash__":361},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F16.ca-almonds-pistachios-trend-report.md","California Almond & Pistachio Trend Report | 2026",{"type":9,"value":335,"toc":336},[],{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":337},[],"Report","2026-02-27","California's two most important tree nut sectors are diverging at historic scale. This report tracks every acre planted and removed across 40 years by district, basin, and GSA to expose where capital is flowing, where it's retreating, and what it means for supply through the next decade.",{"title":342,"description":340,"filePath":343,"gatedId":344,"localStorageKey":345,"newsletters":346},"Download California Almond & Pistachio Report","\u002Fposts\u002Freport-26-ca-almond-pistachio\u002FDemeter_California_Almond_&_Pistachio_Trend_Report_2026.pdf","report-26-ca-almond-pistachio","demeter-report-download-unlocked",[347],"Demeter","2026-03-13",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fca-almonds-pistachios-trend-report",{"image":352,"title":353,"meta":354},"\u002Fposts\u002Freport-26-ca-almond-pistachio\u002Ffb692e_58678adb84174bf18ae13146be08eed5.jpg","California Almond & Pistachio","Download",{"meta":356,"title":333,"description":340},[357],{"name":78,"content":358},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, California Almond & Pistachio Trend Report | 2026, California Almond & Pistachio Trend Report, 2026, Report, california, tree-crops, almond, pistachio, ca, almonds, pistachios, trend","research\u002F16.ca-almonds-pistachios-trend-report","california, tree-crops, almond, pistachio","1hHbZMvuD4y-doRABtuO-bxsG42XQG9fpfB2dntA-WM",{"id":363,"title":364,"author":7,"body":365,"category":482,"createdAt":483,"description":484,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":485,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":501,"navigation":71,"path":502,"preview":503,"seo":504,"series":508,"shortDescription":484,"stem":509,"tags":510,"__hash__":511},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F15.after-almonds-former-ground-california.md","After almonds: what happens to former almond ground in California",{"type":9,"value":366,"toc":476},[367,384,392,395,399,402,407,412,415,419,422,425,428,431,434,438,441,446,451,454,458,461,466,469],[12,368,369],{},[370,371,372,373,377,378,383],"em",{},"Part 10 of 10 in a series on the almond and pistachio sectors in California. Download a complete report ",[374,375,376],"a",{"href":350},"here"," and explore the underlying data in a standalone application ",[374,379,376],{"href":380,"rel":381},"https:\u002F\u002Fca-almond-pistachio-explorer.streamlit.app\u002F",[382],"nofollow",".",[12,385,386,387,391],{},"In previous pieces in this series, we documented the scale of ",[374,388,390],{"href":389},"\u002Fresearch\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse","California's almond removal wave",", which has seen ~450,000 acres (~182k ha) removed between 2014 and 2024, and the shift in planting patterns. Putting the two together orchard by orchard adds a powerful additional perspective to the subject, showing how land is put to use once an orchard is removed and hinting at the economics that may have driven the removal decision.",[12,393,394],{},"For this analysis we have focused on orchards removed between 2016 and 2022, giving at least two growing seasons for replanting to appear in the data. That covers an area of ~292k acres (~118k ha).",[26,396,398],{"id":397},"most-land-stays-in-production","Most land stays in production",[12,400,401],{},"Of the almond orchards removed in 2016-2022, approximately 97% had some identifiable land cover by 2024. The land is not being abandoned. The subsequent use to which it is put varies considerably.",[12,403,404],{},[15,405],{"alt":17,"src":406},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_cc59dc64452b4e7db1917da77c2d65b5~mv2-2.png",[12,408,409],{},[15,410],{"alt":17,"src":411},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_353757d01f3c425f81ba20c3e5a4f854~mv2-2.png",[12,413,414],{},"Combining areas both inside and outside irrigation districts, roughly 49% was replanted to almonds, representing the single largest category. Another 11% went to pistachios, 15% to other permanent crops (principally walnuts, but also citrus, olives, peaches, and others) and 14% to annual crops (alfalfa, corn, sugar beets, and various row crops). About 8% showed as fallow, pasture or semi-agricultural land, and a small fraction converted to urban use.",[26,416,418],{"id":417},"the-inside-outside-split","The inside-outside split",[12,420,421],{},"The most interesting pattern emerges from a comparison of behaviour inside vs outside irrigation districts.",[12,423,424],{},"Almond-to-pistachio switching is nearly twice as high inside irrigation districts as outside: 12.8% versus 6.8%. In-district growers removing almonds are significantly more likely to replant to pistachios. At the district level, the rates vary enormously: Belridge leads at 41%, with several Kern and Tulare County districts in the 13-20% range.",[12,426,427],{},"Conversely, outside-district land is more likely to go into other non-almond, non-pistachio permanent crops - 27% versus 11% inside districts, driven largely by walnuts. The almond-to-almond replanting rate is similar in both cases (49% inside, 48% outside).",[12,429,430],{},"The fallow and semi-agricultural rate is higher inside districts (8.2% versus 5.3%), suggesting that some in-district land is being retired from productive use rather than replanted. This is most pronounced in the districts with the highest overall removal rates: Westlands (45% fallow\u002Fsemi-ag), Berrenda Mesa (58%) and Semitropic (43%).",[12,432,433],{},"Overall, outside-district land that had almonds removed was actually more likely to be replanted to some form of permanent crop (82% versus 73% inside districts). Outside-district growers are not abandoning the land - they are replanting permanent crops, but those permanent crops are less likely to be pistachios.",[26,435,437],{"id":436},"the-pistachio-switching-rate-has-collapsed","The pistachio switching rate has collapsed",[12,439,440],{},"The time series is striking. The almond-to-pistachio switching rate ran at 10-15% through 2016-2021, peaking in years when pistachio planting was at its height. By 2023, it had fallen to 3% inside districts and under 1% outside. By 2024, it was essentially zero.",[12,442,443],{},[15,444],{"alt":17,"src":445},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_edbee91b2bf345888c857b2e7315035f~mv2.png",[12,447,448],{},[15,449],{"alt":17,"src":450},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_d129cc32f8d44a1bb6fe598e7f4fbe30~mv2.png",[12,452,453],{},"The almond-to-almond replanting rate shows an even sharper decline: from 49-68% in 2018-2020 down to 15% in 2023 and under 2% in 2024. Some of this reflects timing - parcels removed in late 2023 or 2024 may simply not have been replanted yet, or may not show up in data given the difficulty of detecting young orchards. But the magnitude of the drop suggests something more than lag, and it is possible that the economics that supported replanting almonds with almonds have deteriorated materially.",[26,455,457],{"id":456},"what-this-tells-us","What this tells us",[12,459,460],{},"The replanting data adds a layer to the removal story. The land being freed up by almond removals is not being fallowed. It is overwhelmingly being reused. But the nature of that reuse differs by district status in a way that is consistent with an opportunity cost hypothesis.",[12,462,463],{},[15,464],{"alt":17,"src":465},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_0d6ab740410746c393d0615d387a589b~mv2-2.png",[12,467,468],{},"The nature of that reuse differs by available water sources. In-district growers are nearly twice as likely to switch to pistachios, with rates varying enormously by district - from over 40% at Belridge to single digits in many Sacramento Valley districts. Outside-district growers tend to replant to almonds or other permanent crops at similar rates, but are less likely to make the jump to pistachios.",[12,470,471],{},[370,472,473,474,383],{},"You can download a complete report ",[374,475,376],{"href":350},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":477},[478,479,480,481],{"id":397,"depth":52,"text":398},{"id":417,"depth":52,"text":418},{"id":436,"depth":52,"text":437},{"id":456,"depth":52,"text":457},"Trend Series","2026-02-26","In previous pieces in this series, we documented the scale of California's almond removal wave , which has seen ~450,000 acres (~182k ha) removed between 2014 and 2024, and the shift in planting patterns.",[486,487,488,489,490,491,493,495,497,499],{"image":406},{"image":411},{"image":445},{"image":450},{"image":465},{"image":492},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_cc59dc64452b4e7db1917da77c2d65b5~mv2.png",{"image":494},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_353757d01f3c425f81ba20c3e5a4f854~mv2.png",{"image":496},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_edbee91b2bf345888c857b2e7315035f~mv2-2.png",{"image":498},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_d129cc32f8d44a1bb6fe598e7f4fbe30~mv2-2.png",{"image":500},"\u002Fposts\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california\u002Ffb692e_0d6ab740410746c393d0615d387a589b~mv2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fafter-almonds-former-ground-california",{"image":406,"title":364},{"meta":505,"title":364,"description":484},[506],{"name":78,"content":507},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, After almonds: what happens to former almond ground in California, After almonds, what happens to former almond ground in California, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, almond, after, almonds, former, ground","Almond & Pistachio","research\u002F15.after-almonds-former-ground-california","trends, california, tree-crops, almond","KWcZiAatMIJIeV3M07seB8xPsbTqS4Rkdles_Acsg80",{"id":513,"title":514,"author":7,"body":515,"category":482,"createdAt":639,"description":640,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":641,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":646,"navigation":71,"path":647,"preview":648,"seo":649,"series":508,"shortDescription":640,"stem":653,"tags":654,"__hash__":655},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F13.almond-orchard-removal-rate-puzzle.md","The removal rate puzzle: why are in-district almond orchards being removed faster?",{"type":9,"value":516,"toc":623},[517,520,523,527,530,533,539,543,546,550,553,557,560,564,567,571,574,579,582,586,589,593,596,600,603,607,610,613,617,620],[12,518,519],{},"One of the assumptions that runs through most discussions of water risk in Californian permanent crop plantings is that orchards inside irrigation districts - with access to surface water deliveries, in addition to groundwater resources - are better protected than those in white lands, where growers depend entirely on groundwater. The planting data broadly supports this: as we showed earlier in this series, pistachio growers in particular have actively redirected new planting toward in-district land since SGMA implementation began.",[12,521,522],{},"The removals data tells a somewhat more complicated story.",[26,524,526],{"id":525},"the-finding","The finding",[12,528,529],{},"When we compute annual removal rates against standing almond acreage inside and outside irrigation districts, the result is consistent across every year in the dataset - almond orchards inside irrigation districts are being removed at a higher rate than those outside.",[12,531,532],{},"The gap varies year to year, but the direction is uniform. In 2022-2024, in-district almond orchards were removed at roughly 6% per year versus roughly 4% for those outside districts - a ratio of approximately 1.6x.",[12,534,535],{},[15,536],{"alt":537,"src":538},"California almonds removed inside and outside irrigation districts 2016-2024. Source: Demeter","\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-orchard-removal-rate-puzzle\u002Feb518a_95b71ba4b35d44c88932d21ff2222c51~mv2.png",[26,540,542],{"id":541},"it-isnt-just-a-westlands-effect","It isn't just a Westlands effect",[12,544,545],{},"We might initially assume that this pattern is driven by a handful of districts with exceptionally high removal rates. Westlands, Belridge, San Luis and Wheeler Ridge all recorded removal rates well above the in-district average, with Westlands seeing removal rates of 10-16% in 2022-2023 while Belridge exceeded 30%. These districts do indeed pull the aggregate up. But even excluding these high-removal districts entirely, the inside-district rate remains higher than the outside rate in most years. The 2022-2024 average excluding them is 4.8% inside versus 3.9% outside.",[26,547,549],{"id":548},"the-within-gsa-comparison","The within-GSA comparison",[12,551,552],{},"For a cleaner test, we can compare removal rates for the inside-district and outside-district portions of the same GSA, which allows us to control for geography, aquifer and general growing conditions. The picture is mixed at the individual GSA level: some GSAs show much higher inside rates, others show the reverse. But the weighted average across all GSAs with both in-district and outside-district land shows inside rates approximately 1.15x higher than outside.",[26,554,556],{"id":555},"the-age-profile-doesnt-explain-it","The age profile doesn't explain it",[12,558,559],{},"If inside-district acreage were simply weighted older - with a higher proportion of orchards in the peak removal age brackets - that alone could account for a higher removal rate. But the standing inventory data does not support this. Approximately 20% of inside-district standing acreage is in the 16-25 year age bracket (the ages that account for the majority of removals), compared to 19% outside. The broader 16+ bracket is 25% inside versus 24% outside. The age composition of the two populations is not materially different, so the gap in removal rates cannot be attributed to a difference in the age structure of the standing base.",[26,561,563],{"id":562},"the-pattern-is-different-in-pistachios","The pattern is different in pistachios",[12,565,566],{},"In pistachios, the direction is reversed: outside-district removal rates are higher than inside, at roughly 2.9% versus 1.1%. This is the opposite of the almond pattern. However, as we discussed in our companion memo on pistachio removals, the majority of pistachio removals are pre-bearing trees. The dynamics driving pistachio removals appear to be fundamentally different from those in almonds, where most removals are of mature, productive orchards. The two crops may not be directly comparable on this measure.",[26,568,570],{"id":569},"potential-forces-at-work","Potential forces at work",[12,572,573],{},"The data shows that inside-district almond orchards are being removed at a higher rate than outside-district orchards. It does not tell us why. Several mechanisms could contribute, including but not limited to the following:",[575,576,578],"h3",{"id":577},"opportunity-cost","Opportunity cost",[12,580,581],{},"In-district land often may carry higher underlying value due to its additional water access. A grower deciding whether to keep a marginally profitable almond orchard may face a more attractive alternative use, such as replanting to a higher-value crop or simply selling or leasing it with its attendant water rights - than an outside-district grower whose land is less valuable without district membership. Our final memo explores what happens to this ground after an orchard is removed.",[575,583,585],{"id":584},"operating-costs","Operating costs",[12,587,588],{},"The combined cost of surface and groundwater inside certain irrigation districts may exceed that in some areas outside districts, where lower pumping costs or an absence of groundwater levies may result in a lower aggregate cost of water and correspondingly more profitable growing operations.",[575,590,592],{"id":591},"sgma-baseline-dynamics","SGMA baseline dynamics",[12,594,595],{},"Some GSA plans set pumping allowances based on recent historical use. This may have created incentives to maintain orchards - or even plant new ones - during assessment periods to establish a higher baseline allocation, with removal decisions deferred until after baselines were locked in.",[575,597,599],{"id":598},"survivorship-bias","Survivorship bias",[12,601,602],{},"The outside-district orchards that remain in 2024 may represent a selected population - the ones with the best well yields, the deepest aquifers, the most favourable hydrogeology. The most vulnerable white land orchards may never have been planted in the first place, or may have been removed early enough that the current standing base is biased toward viability.",[575,604,606],{"id":605},"water-rights-grandfathering","Water rights grandfathering",[12,608,609],{},"Some water allocations granted during the SGMA transition period may be temporary or conditional. If certain rights are not renewed, a future wave of removals could be concentrated in specific locations in ways that are not yet visible in the data.",[12,611,612],{},"These are not competing hypotheses. Several may be operating simultaneously, and their relative importance likely varies by district, basin and individual operation.",[26,614,616],{"id":615},"what-the-data-tells-us","What the data tells us",[12,618,619],{},"The relationship between surface water access and orchard survival is more complex than the standard narrative suggests. District membership is clearly valued by growers making new planting decisions. The planting data shows a strong and growing preference for in-district land. But for existing orchards, being inside a district does not appear to reduce the probability of removal. If anything, for almonds, the opposite is true.",[12,621,622],{},"Next in this series: After almonds: what happens to former almond ground in California",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":624},[625,626,627,628,629,630,638],{"id":525,"depth":52,"text":526},{"id":541,"depth":52,"text":542},{"id":548,"depth":52,"text":549},{"id":555,"depth":52,"text":556},{"id":562,"depth":52,"text":563},{"id":569,"depth":52,"text":570,"children":631},[632,634,635,636,637],{"id":577,"depth":633,"text":578},3,{"id":584,"depth":633,"text":585},{"id":591,"depth":633,"text":592},{"id":598,"depth":633,"text":599},{"id":605,"depth":633,"text":606},{"id":615,"depth":52,"text":616},"2026-02-25","One of the assumptions that runs through most discussions of water risk in Californian permanent crop plantings is that orchards inside irrigation districts - with access to surface water deliveries, in addition to groundwater resources - are better protected than those in white…",[642,643],{"image":538},{"image":644},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-orchard-removal-rate-puzzle\u002Feb518a_95b71ba4b35d44c88932d21ff2222c51~mv2-2.png","2026-03-04",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Falmond-orchard-removal-rate-puzzle",{"image":538,"title":514},{"meta":650,"title":514,"description":640},[651],{"name":78,"content":652},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, The removal rate puzzle: why are in-district almond orchards being removed faster?, The removal rate puzzle, why are in, district almond orchards being removed faster?, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, almond, removals, orchard, removal, rate","research\u002F13.almond-orchard-removal-rate-puzzle","trends, california, tree-crops, almond, removals","BdbknhDCHk7BzkM0JM0EC9ykUvzcoGUfBHHfdePbYEo",{"id":657,"title":658,"author":7,"body":659,"category":482,"createdAt":732,"description":663,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":733,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":743,"navigation":71,"path":744,"preview":745,"seo":746,"series":508,"shortDescription":663,"stem":750,"tags":751,"__hash__":752},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F12.pistachio-removals-age-profile.md","Pistachio removals: low volumes, striking age profile",{"type":9,"value":660,"toc":726},[661,664,668,671,676,679,682,688,692,695,700,703,706,710,713,717,720,723],[12,662,663],{},"Pistachio removals in California tell a very different story to almonds . The scale is significantly smaller, but with one stand-out finding.",[26,665,667],{"id":666},"the-scale-is-modest","The scale is modest",[12,669,670],{},"Between 2014 and 2024, roughly 39k acres (~16k ha) of pistachios were removed in total, compared to roughly 447k acres (~180k ha) of almonds over the same period. The pistachio removal rate has been relatively stable since 2018, running at 1,200-3,000 acres (~500-1,250 ha) per year. By contrast, almond removals have tripled.",[12,672,673],{},[15,674],{"alt":17,"src":675},"\u002Fposts\u002Fpistachio-removals-age-profile\u002Ffb692e_84f000398111497d8f37519ae6bb1386~mv2.png",[12,677,678],{},"Pistachios remain firmly net-positive. Even in 2024, when total pistachio planting dropped to around 6,100 acres (~2,500 ha) , this still comfortably exceeded the roughly 3,000 acres (~1,250ha) removed. In 2022, net additions were close to 39k acres (~16k ha) — one of the strongest net-positive years on record.",[12,680,681],{},"The pistachio acreage base is weighted considerably younger than almonds given that the bulk of California's pistachio expansion occurred more recently, and grower economics have anecdotally been more favourable, with stronger prices relative to production costs. Both factors likely contribute to the lower removal rate.",[12,683,684],{},[15,685],{"alt":686,"src":687},"California pistachios planted and removed 2020-2024. Source: Demeter","\u002Fposts\u002Fpistachio-removals-age-profile\u002Feb518a_23c5660c6ba94390adfa71f071bd1266~mv2.png",[26,689,691],{"id":690},"the-age-profile-is-telling","The age profile is telling",[12,693,694],{},"There is an interesting observation in which pistachio orchards are being removed. For removals from 2020 onwards, ~61% of acreage removed was under seven years old - immature trees that had not yet reached commercial production. Nearly half was under five years old.",[12,696,697],{},[15,698],{"alt":17,"src":699},"\u002Fposts\u002Fpistachio-removals-age-profile\u002Ffb692e_58678adb84174bf18ae13146be08eed4~mv2.png",[12,701,702],{},"The bearing-age removals that do occur are concentrated at the extremes of orchard life. Trees aged 26 and older account for 23% of removals, representing orchards that have had a full commercial run. The productive middle - orchards aged 7 to 25, in their prime bearing years - account for just 17% of all pistachio removals, or roughly 1,400 acres (~565 ha) across four years of data.",[12,704,705],{},"The implication is straightforward. Once a pistachio orchard reaches bearing age, it almost certainly stays in the ground throughout its productive life. The economics of bearing pistachios appear to be strong enough that growers are not pulling productive trees. The orchards that are removed are overwhelmingly either pre-bearing orchards that failed to reach production, or very old trees at the end of their commercial life.",[26,707,709],{"id":708},"pre-bearing-removals-are-dispersed","Pre-bearing removals are dispersed",[12,711,712],{},"The ~3,900 acres (~1,600 ha) of pistachios under five years old removed since 2020 are spread across 84 orchards, at least 10 different irrigation districts, and all four years in that period of the data. This is not a single failed project - it is a pattern of individual planting decisions that did not work out through to production, whether due to failed establishment, high attrition of young trees, inability to sustain the losses through the pre-bearing period, or other factors. Young pistachio removals are split roughly 70\u002F30 between inside and outside irrigation districts, close to the overall industry split. The largest in-district locations include Lower Tule River Irrigation District, Semitropic, Westlands and Corcoran. Outside irrigation districts, the largest concentrations of young orchard removals are in the Delta-Mendota area. These are not universally the same areas where new pistachio planting is declining. Lower Tule, for instance, is simultaneously one of the largest destinations for new pistachio planting (as noted in our planting series) and a location where young orchards are being pulled.",[26,714,716],{"id":715},"combination-with-the-planting-narrative","Combination with the planting narrative",[12,718,719],{},"The pistachio removals data reinforces the picture from our planting series: the California pistachio industry is in a fundamentally different position to almonds. The acreage base is growing, removals are low, and the industry is not experiencing the kind of broad-based contraction visible in almonds.",[12,721,722],{},"The near-absence of productive-age removals is the most distinctive finding. It suggests that the economics of bearing pistachio orchards are sufficiently strong that they are not being pulled even in an environment of rising water costs and regulatory uncertainty. The removals that do occur are either end-of-life or pre-bearing failures - the normal tail risk of any planting programme, not a signal of structural distress.",[12,724,725],{},"Next in this series: The removal rate puzzle: why are in-district almond orchards being removed faster?",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":727},[728,729,730,731],{"id":666,"depth":52,"text":667},{"id":690,"depth":52,"text":691},{"id":708,"depth":52,"text":709},{"id":715,"depth":52,"text":716},"2026-02-24",[734,735,736,737,739,741],{"image":675},{"image":687},{"image":699},{"image":738},"\u002Fposts\u002Fpistachio-removals-age-profile\u002Ffb692e_84f000398111497d8f37519ae6bb1386~mv2-2.png",{"image":740},"\u002Fposts\u002Fpistachio-removals-age-profile\u002Feb518a_23c5660c6ba94390adfa71f071bd1266~mv2-2.png",{"image":742},"\u002Fposts\u002Fpistachio-removals-age-profile\u002Ffb692e_58678adb84174bf18ae13146be08eed4~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fpistachio-removals-age-profile",{"image":675,"title":658},{"meta":747,"title":658,"description":663},[748],{"name":78,"content":749},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Pistachio removals: low volumes, striking age profile, Pistachio removals, low volumes, striking age profile, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, pistachio, removals, age, profile","research\u002F12.pistachio-removals-age-profile","trends, california, tree-crops, pistachio, removals","ile-Yyehm527QUpn0oLUrWmRDyvXnlYaEWHN1muty34",{"id":754,"title":755,"author":7,"body":756,"category":482,"createdAt":863,"description":760,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":864,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":880,"navigation":71,"path":389,"preview":881,"seo":882,"series":508,"shortDescription":760,"stem":886,"tags":887,"__hash__":888},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F11.almond-removals-planting-collapse.md","Almond removals: the other side of the planting collapse",{"type":9,"value":757,"toc":854},[758,761,764,769,773,776,782,785,789,792,796,799,804,807,812,816,819,823,826,831,834,838,841,845,848,851],[12,759,760],{},"The planting data indicates where new trees are going in. The removals data tells us where existing orchards are coming out. Taken together, they paint a far more complete picture of the trajectory of California's almond supply than either dataset alone.",[12,762,763],{},"We investigated almond orchard removals from 2014 to 2024. The findings reinforce - and in some cases sharpen - the narratives from our planting series.",[12,765,766],{},[15,767],{"alt":17,"src":768},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_ce94c9f1a1b241aa8d6f2c87787e26f0~mv2.png",[26,770,772],{"id":771},"california-almonds-have-turned-net-negative","California almonds have turned net-negative",[12,774,775],{},"In 2022, for the first time in the observable data, more almond acres were removed than planted. The deficit has widened since:",[12,777,778],{},[15,779],{"alt":780,"src":781},"California almonds planted and removed, 2020 - 2024. Source: Demeter","\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Feb518a_33af7db40f2243e49973557c53ff823a~mv2-2.png",[12,783,784],{},"The installed base of California almond acreage is shrinking. In 2023 and 2024 combined, roughly 118k (~47k ha) more acres were removed than planted. At the start of the period, California had ~1.4 million bearing acres (~570k ha). Removals therefore equalled ~10% of the bearing base, although the impact of this on almond supply will have been mitigated to some extent by the maturation of ~195k acres (79k ha) from the 2020 and 2021 plantings into the bearing window.",[26,786,788],{"id":787},"removal-rates-have-more-than-tripled","Removal rates have more than tripled",[12,790,791],{},"Annualised removal rates have climbed from roughly 21k acres (~8.5k ha) per year in the 2014-2016 period to 69k-85k (28-34k ha) in 2022-2024. Some acceleration is to be expected as the large cohort planted during the 2004-2008 boom reaches end-of-life, but the scale of the increase suggests that factors beyond simple age-out are at work.",[26,793,795],{"id":794},"the-orchards-being-removed-are-getting-younger","The orchards being removed are getting younger",[12,797,798],{},"In 2020-2021, the median age of removed almond orchards was approximately 23 years, consistent with normal end-of-life replacement. The age profile was concentrated in the 21-25 year bracket, with relatively few young trees being pulled.",[12,800,801],{},[15,802],{"alt":17,"src":803},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_dcc37738bbef4da59cd03dd28c4bddaa~mv2-2.png",[12,805,806],{},"In 2022-2024, the picture shifted. The median age dropped to around 20 years, and nearly half (47%) of removed acreage was in the 10-20 year bracket - orchards that would normally be in their prime productive years. Roughly 8% of removals were orchards under 10 years old, and may in many cases never have reached full production.",[12,808,809],{},[15,810],{"alt":17,"src":811},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_d6406b8244ec4452923f170de6030692~mv2-2.png",[26,813,815],{"id":814},"young-removals-are-happening-everywhere","Young removals are happening everywhere",[12,817,818],{},"In absolute terms, roughly 31% of young almond removals (under 10 years old) were on land outside irrigation districts. That initially appears disproportionate against the 18-19% outside-district share for removals overall, but it reflects the composition of the standing base. Young orchards are more likely to be located outside districts in the first place (~29% of orchards 5 years old or under are outside irrigation districts, ~25% of those 6-10). When measured as a rate against the standing base, young orchards inside irrigation districts are actually being removed at a slightly higher rate than those outside - consistent with the broader pattern we examine in a companion piece on removal rates by district status.",[26,820,822],{"id":821},"westlands-net-negative-for-three-straight-years","Westlands: net negative for three straight years",[12,824,825],{},"The Westlands story from our planting series is reinforced and amplified by the removals data. In 2022-2024, roughly 32k almond acres (~13k ha) were removed from Westlands, while approximately 1,600 acres (~650 ha) were planted. This equates to a net loss of 30k acres (12k ha).",[12,827,828],{},[15,829],{"alt":17,"src":830},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_cf08cdc705d74a8086ad469a8c9e3b6e~mv2-2.png",[12,832,833],{},"The trajectory in Westlands shifted from roughly neutral (plantings approximately matching removals in 2016-2018), to modestly positive (2019-2020, when planting still exceeded removals), to heavily net-negative from 2021 onwards. In 2023 alone, roughly 14,700 acres (~6k ha) of almonds were removed from Westlands, which is more than the district has planted in total since 2020.",[26,835,837],{"id":836},"every-major-district-is-now-net-negative-for-almonds","Every major district is now net-negative for almonds",[12,839,840],{},"This trend extends beyond just Westlands. In the period 2022-2024, every major almond irrigation district - Turlock, Merced, Madera, Semitropic, North Kern, Fresno, Eastside, Consolidated - recorded more almond removals than plantings. The deficits vary in scale (Westlands' is by far the largest), but the direction is uniform. The entire California almond footprint appears to be contracting.",[26,842,844],{"id":843},"what-the-data-shows-and-what-it-doesnt","What the data shows and what it doesn't",[12,846,847],{},"The removals data suggests that the almond industry is not simply in a planting pause, but actively shrinking. The combination of a collapse in new planting, accelerating removals and declining age-at-removal indicates a further-reaching supply contraction than the planting data alone would indicate.",[12,849,850],{},"The data does not tell us why individual orchards are being removed. What is observable however is the pattern: it is broad-based, high in absolute terms and increasingly affecting orchards that have not yet reached the end of their normal productive life.",[12,852,853],{},"Next in this series: Pistachio removals: low volumes, striking age profile",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":855},[856,857,858,859,860,861,862],{"id":771,"depth":52,"text":772},{"id":787,"depth":52,"text":788},{"id":794,"depth":52,"text":795},{"id":814,"depth":52,"text":815},{"id":821,"depth":52,"text":822},{"id":836,"depth":52,"text":837},{"id":843,"depth":52,"text":844},"2026-02-23",[865,866,867,868,869,870,872,874,876,878],{"image":768},{"image":781},{"image":803},{"image":811},{"image":830},{"image":871},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_ce94c9f1a1b241aa8d6f2c87787e26f0~mv2-2.png",{"image":873},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Feb518a_33af7db40f2243e49973557c53ff823a~mv2.png",{"image":875},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_dcc37738bbef4da59cd03dd28c4bddaa~mv2.png",{"image":877},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_d6406b8244ec4452923f170de6030692~mv2.png",{"image":879},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-removals-planting-collapse\u002Ffb692e_cf08cdc705d74a8086ad469a8c9e3b6e~mv2.png",{},{"image":768,"title":755},{"meta":883,"title":755,"description":760},[884],{"name":78,"content":885},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Almond removals: the other side of the planting collapse, Almond removals, the other side of the planting collapse, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, almond, removals, plantings, planting, collapse","research\u002F11.almond-removals-planting-collapse","trends, california, tree-crops, almond, removals, plantings","slwFDBWJ9Zc_XbeNY1myMrEUdWhqo4PHP_NfT_bSRDw",{"id":890,"title":891,"author":7,"body":892,"category":56,"createdAt":863,"description":951,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":952,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":962,"navigation":71,"path":963,"preview":964,"seo":965,"series":58,"shortDescription":951,"stem":969,"tags":970,"__hash__":971},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F4.dasi-2025-26-week-23.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 23",{"type":9,"value":893,"toc":946},[894,899,902,905,908,911,913,918,922,927,929,931,935],[12,895,896],{},[15,897],{"alt":17,"src":898},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-23\u002Feb518a_de4f1e662a5a4c29a7970b9dc5ced674~mv2.png",[12,900,901],{},"Today's index is 75.8, down 24.5% from 7 days ago. This was driven by extreme precipitation events considerably above long-term averages with 30.1 mm of precipitation across the production footprint. The average temperature was 12.1 C. There were no significant frost events in the sample period.",[12,903,904],{},"Today's index is 66.5, down 31.9% from 7 days ago. This was driven by 40.4 mm of precipitation, 12.5 C of average temperature.",[12,906,907],{},"Today's index is 65.5, down 29.5% from 7 days ago. This was driven by 37.0 mm of precipitation, 10.7 C of average temperature.",[12,909,910],{},"Today's index is 85.8, down 18.3% from 7 days ago. This was driven by 17.6 mm of precipitation, 12.8 C of average temperature",[26,912,29],{"id":28},[12,914,915],{},[15,916],{"alt":17,"src":917},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-23\u002Feb518a_2529b4ce59ed46fbbbfd80c73968169b~mv2.png",[26,919,921],{"id":920},"county-level-breakdown-week-23","County-level breakdown - Week 23",[12,923,924],{},[15,925],{"alt":17,"src":926},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-23\u002Feb518a_b566dc860fe1430cbb6f8bafce030735~mv2.png",[12,928,46],{},[12,930,49],{},[26,932,934],{"id":933},"source","Source",[936,937,938],"ul",{},[939,940,941,942],"li",{},"Original post: ",[374,943,944],{"href":944,"rel":945},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.demeterdata.ag\u002Fpost\u002Fdemeter-almond-season-index-update-week-23",[382],{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":947},[948,949,950],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":920,"depth":52,"text":921},{"id":933,"depth":52,"text":934},"Today's index is 75.8, down 24.5% from 7 days ago. This was driven by extreme precipitation events considerably above long-term averages with 30.1 mm of precipitation across the production footprint. The average temperature was 12.1 C.",[953,954,955,956,958,960],{"image":898},{"image":917},{"image":926},{"image":957},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-23\u002Feb518a_de4f1e662a5a4c29a7970b9dc5ced674~mv2-2.png",{"image":959},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-23\u002Feb518a_2529b4ce59ed46fbbbfd80c73968169b~mv2-2.png",{"image":961},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-update-week-23\u002Feb518a_b566dc860fe1430cbb6f8bafce030735~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-23",{"image":898,"title":891,"meta":74},{"meta":966,"title":891,"description":951},[967],{"name":78,"content":968},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 23, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 23, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-23, week","research\u002F4.dasi-2025-26-week-23","almond, dasi, season-index, week-23","oswIvqsxzEWy5XK-iMlM9zs_CK7V8PZCy77rWrYYU7I",{"id":973,"title":974,"author":7,"body":975,"category":482,"createdAt":1022,"description":1023,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1024,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":1028,"navigation":71,"path":1029,"preview":1030,"seo":1031,"series":508,"shortDescription":1023,"stem":1035,"tags":1036,"__hash__":1037},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F10.california-planting-trends-dispersion.md","Increasing dispersion - tracking California planting trends is getting harder",{"type":9,"value":976,"toc":1018},[977,980,984,987,990,993,999,1003,1006,1009,1012,1015],[12,978,979],{},"Across this series, we've documented several shifts in where California's almonds and pistachios are being planted: away from Westlands , toward the Tule sub-basin, northward into the Sacramento Valley . There is also a subtler trend running through the data that is worth flagging: planting activity is becoming more dispersed.",[26,981,983],{"id":982},"the-other-category-is-growing","The \"other\" category is growing",[12,985,986],{},"In both irrigation district- and GSA-level data, the catch-all categories - districts and GSAs that individually account for less than 1% of total planting - have been steadily absorbing a larger share.",[12,988,989],{},"For almonds, the \"other districts\" category accounted for roughly 23% of in-district planting in 2010. By 2024, it was above 35%. A similar pattern appears in the data for plantings outside irrigation districts: \"Other GSAs\" rose from ~13% of outside-district almond planting pre-SGMA to roughly 19% since 2022.",[12,991,992],{},"For pistachios, the pattern is noisier year-to-year, but the direction is similar: smaller districts are collectively accounting for a larger share of total planting than they did a decade ago.",[12,994,995],{},[15,996],{"alt":997,"src":998},"Source: Demeter","\u002Fposts\u002Fcalifornia-planting-trends-dispersion\u002Feb518a_4d24988995a6468eb5e50fbf768137d7~mv2.png",[26,1000,1002],{"id":1001},"implications-for-tracking-the-sector","Implications for tracking the sector",[12,1004,1005],{},"Through the 2000s and into the mid-2010s, California almond and pistachio planting was reasonably concentrated. A handful of large irrigation districts (Westlands, Semitropic, Turlock, Madera, Merced) and a few major groundwater sub-basins accounted for the majority of activity. Tracking five or six locations alone provided a reasonable proxy for where the industry was heading.",[12,1007,1008],{},"That is no longer the case. The traditional large-scale planting destinations - Westlands, Semitropic and others documented earlier in this series - have seen their share decline sharply, and the activity that remains is scattering across a larger number of smaller locations. Each of these individual districts or GSAs may only account for a fraction of a percent, but in aggregate they represent a significant and growing share of the total.",[12,1010,1011],{},"The data does not tell us what is driving this dispersion. It may reflect water constraints, land availability, price competition for parcels in established districts, or some combination. What it does show is that the planting landscape is measurably more fragmented than it was a decade ago, and the trend has been consistent across multiple years and both crops.",[12,1013,1014],{},"For anyone trying to understand California's almond and pistachio supply trajectory - whether for production forecasting, water resource planning, or investment analysis - this dispersion means that aggregate statewide or even county-level numbers may be increasingly misleading. Interesting signals are emerging at the district and basin level, and they require tracking dozens of locations rather than a handful.",[12,1016,1017],{},"Next in this series: Almond removals: the other side of the planting collapse",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1019},[1020,1021],{"id":982,"depth":52,"text":983},{"id":1001,"depth":52,"text":1002},"2026-02-22","Across this series, we've documented several shifts in where California's almonds and pistachios are being planted: away from Westlands , toward the Tule sub-basin, northward into the Sacramento Valley .",[1025,1026],{"image":998},{"image":1027},"\u002Fposts\u002Fcalifornia-planting-trends-dispersion\u002Feb518a_4d24988995a6468eb5e50fbf768137d7~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fcalifornia-planting-trends-dispersion",{"image":998,"title":974},{"meta":1032,"title":974,"description":1023},[1033],{"name":78,"content":1034},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Increasing dispersion - tracking California planting trends is getting harder, Increasing dispersion, tracking California planting trends is getting harder, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, plantings, planting, dispersion","research\u002F10.california-planting-trends-dispersion","trends, california, tree-crops, plantings","uAjW8juOfF0A7FFicZL7B1KhB_mNuudMKOlp6l522bQ",{"id":1039,"title":1040,"author":7,"body":1041,"category":482,"createdAt":1101,"description":1045,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1102,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":1106,"navigation":71,"path":1107,"preview":1108,"seo":1109,"series":508,"shortDescription":1045,"stem":1113,"tags":1114,"__hash__":1115},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F9.california-capital-flow.md","Where in the state is capital flowing?",{"type":9,"value":1042,"toc":1096},[1043,1046,1049,1053,1056,1059,1062,1065,1069,1072,1075,1078,1081,1086,1090,1093],[12,1044,1045],{},"In our previous post , we showed that Westlands Water District - historically the largest single destination for both almond and pistachio plantings - has seen new planting fall dramatically. This raises an obvious question: where has the remaining planting activity gone?",[12,1047,1048],{},"As usual we highlight that detecting young orchards is difficult, and they tend to be underrepresented in data. Greater weight should be put on relative figures than absolute for very recent plantings.",[26,1050,1052],{"id":1051},"almonds-eastside-districts-gaining-share","Almonds: Eastside districts gaining share",[12,1054,1055],{},"With total almond planting at historic lows, the shifts are small in absolute numbers. The directional changes are notable, however.",[12,1057,1058],{},"Districts that have maintained or gained share since 2020 include Turlock Irrigation District, Eastside Water District, Merced Irrigation District, and Central California Irrigation District. These are generally east-side San Joaquin Valley districts.",[12,1060,1061],{},"Districts that have seen their share decline alongside Westlands include Semitropic Water Service District (Kern County, reliant on the State Water Project), Fresno Irrigation District and Chowchilla Water District.",[12,1063,1064],{},"In the data for plantings outside irrigation districts, a parallel shift is visible. Sacramento Valley GSAs - Glenn Groundwater Authority and Vina GSA in particular - have gained share at the expense of San Joaquin Valley GSAs. This is consistent with a general northward drift in planting activity, toward basins that are not classified as critically overdrafted under SGMA.",[26,1066,1068],{"id":1067},"pistachios-emergence-of-the-tule-sub-basin","Pistachios: emergence of the Tule sub-basin",[12,1070,1071],{},"The pistachio picture is more striking because overall planting volumes remained high through 2022, so geographical shifts are more reflective of numerous planting decisions taken at meaningful scale.",[12,1073,1074],{},"The most visible pattern is the rise of the Tule sub-basin area. Combined planting across Lower Tule River Irrigation District, Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District, Tulare Irrigation District, and Pixley Irrigation District has grown from roughly 5-8% of total pistachio planting in the mid-2010s to close to half of all California pistachio planting in 2024.",[12,1076,1077],{},"Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District alone went from essentially no pistachio planting before 2015 to roughly 1,500-1,800 acres (~600-725ha) per year in 2022-2024, ranking it as one of the largest single-district destinations for new pistachio planting in recent years.",[12,1079,1080],{},"Meanwhile, Semitropic Water Service District - which was the second-largest pistachio district through the 2000s at roughly 9% of all in-district planting - has declined to around 2-3% since 2020.",[12,1082,1083],{},[15,1084],{"alt":17,"src":1085},"\u002Fposts\u002Fcalifornia-capital-flow\u002Feb518a_07e0d8d00b0a4b9da551d9f6c9eb94c8~mv2.png",[26,1087,1089],{"id":1088},"the-broader-pattern","The broader pattern",[12,1091,1092],{},"Across both crops, planting activity is moving away from certain historically dominant districts - most dramatically, Westlands and Semitropic - and dispersing toward a broader set of destinations. Whether the gaining districts and basins share specific water supply characteristics, or whether they will themselves face tighter constraints in the future, are open questions that the data alone does not answer. What is clear is that the geography of California almond and pistachio planting has shifted materially since SGMA implementation began, and continues to shift.",[12,1094,1095],{},"Next in this series: Increasing dispersion - tracking California planting trends is getting harder",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1097},[1098,1099,1100],{"id":1051,"depth":52,"text":1052},{"id":1067,"depth":52,"text":1068},{"id":1088,"depth":52,"text":1089},"2026-02-21",[1103,1104],{"image":1085},{"image":1105},"\u002Fposts\u002Fcalifornia-capital-flow\u002Feb518a_07e0d8d00b0a4b9da551d9f6c9eb94c8~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fcalifornia-capital-flow",{"image":1085,"title":1040},{"meta":1110,"title":1040,"description":1045},[1111],{"name":78,"content":1112},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Where in the state is capital flowing?, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, capital, flow","research\u002F9.california-capital-flow","trends, california, tree-crops","vTqAJSPReVl97RmqEJL7ZAQXc-t96QostkONSBTYJvA",{"id":1117,"title":1118,"author":7,"body":1119,"category":482,"createdAt":1173,"description":1174,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1175,"lastUpdatedAt":1179,"meta":1180,"navigation":71,"path":1181,"preview":1182,"seo":1183,"series":508,"shortDescription":1174,"stem":1187,"tags":1188,"__hash__":1189},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F8.westlands-planting-near-zero.md","Westlands Water District - from California's biggest planting destination to marginal",{"type":9,"value":1120,"toc":1168},[1121,1124,1128,1131,1135,1138,1143,1146,1149,1152,1155,1158,1160],[12,1122,1123],{},"Westlands Water District, on the west side of California's San Joaquin Valley, is the largest agricultural water district in the United States by acreage. For decades, it was one of the most important destinations for new almond and pistachio plantings. That is no longer the case.",[26,1125,1127],{"id":1126},"almonds","Almonds",[12,1129,1130],{},"Through most of the 2010s, Westlands consistently attracted 3,000-5,500 acres (~1,200-2,200ha) of new almond plantings per year, typically accounting for 4-5% of all California almond planting. In 2022, that fell to roughly 1,300 acres (~525ha). With the caveat that young plantings are harder to identify in their early years and therefore tend to be slightly understated , 2023 and 2024 show negligible new plantings. Even controlling for under-detection, the trend is clear.",[26,1132,1134],{"id":1133},"pistachios","Pistachios",[12,1136,1137],{},"The shift is even more notable given Westlands' historically outsized role in pistachio planting. The district regularly absorbed 20-30% of all in-district pistachio plantings through the 2010s, peaking at over 8,500 acres (~3,400ha) in 2020 alone. 2023 and 2024 saw only a few hundred acres each, again indicating a clear trend even accounting for the under-detection.",[12,1139,1140],{},[15,1141],{"alt":997,"src":1142},"\u002Fposts\u002Fwestlands-planting-near-zero\u002Feb518a_0b38034fe874486ea623d23e7bdac1e1~mv2.png",[12,1144,1145],{},"Westlands' water supply comes primarily from the Central Valley Project (CVP), a federal system whose allocations to the district have been volatile and at times severely curtailed. In drought years, CVP allocations to Westlands have fallen to 0% of contracted amounts. This volatility has long been a known risk, but the planting data suggests growers now respond to that risk differently.",[12,1147,1148],{},"The decline is not simply a function of the overall planting downturn. Even adjusting for lower total volumes, Westlands' share of both almond and pistachio plantings has contracted meaningfully. For pistachios, where total planting remained strong through 2022, Westlands' share fell from roughly 25% in 2020 to under 11% in 2022 and under 5% by 2024.",[12,1150,1151],{},"During the period averages, Westlands accounted for approximately 19% of all in-district pistachio planting since 1984. Since 2020, that figure is approximately 19% — but this is heavily front-loaded to 2020-2021. The 2023-2024 figures represent a significant break from the historical pattern.",[12,1153,1154],{},"The removals data, which we examine in a companion memo, sharpens this picture further. Westlands is not just seeing an absence of new planting. It is experiencing the most concentrated orchard removal of any district in the state. In 2022-2024, roughly 32k acres (~13k ha) of almonds were removed from Westlands, dramatically exceeding even historical average planting rates, let alone the reduced rates of recent years. In 2023 alone, more almond acreage was removed from Westlands than the district has planted in total since 2020.",[12,1156,1157],{},"Next in this series: Where in the state is capital flowing?",[26,1159,934],{"id":933},[936,1161,1162],{},[939,1163,941,1164],{},[374,1165,1166],{"href":1166,"rel":1167},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.demeterdata.ag\u002Fpost\u002Fwestlands-water-district-from-california-s-biggest-planting-destination-to-near-zero",[382],{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1169},[1170,1171,1172],{"id":1126,"depth":52,"text":1127},{"id":1133,"depth":52,"text":1134},{"id":933,"depth":52,"text":934},"2026-02-20","Westlands Water District, on the west side of California's San Joaquin Valley, is the largest agricultural water district in the United States by acreage. For decades, it was one of the most important destinations for new almond and pistachio plantings.",[1176,1177],{"image":1142},{"image":1178},"\u002Fposts\u002Fwestlands-planting-near-zero\u002Feb518a_0b38034fe874486ea623d23e7bdac1e1~mv2-2.png","2026-03-12",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fwestlands-planting-near-zero",{"image":1142,"title":1118},{"meta":1184,"title":1118,"description":1174},[1185],{"name":78,"content":1186},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Westlands Water District - from California's biggest planting destination to marginal, Westlands Water District, from California's biggest planting destination to marginal, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, water, plantings, westlands, planting, near, zero","research\u002F8.westlands-planting-near-zero","trends, california, tree-crops, water, plantings","0uJmKNTMW2ZmAqGERh7UCUgpdEQzLPuAE6VNBcvICVs",{"id":1191,"title":1192,"author":7,"body":1193,"category":482,"createdAt":1240,"description":1241,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1242,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":1246,"navigation":71,"path":1247,"preview":1248,"seo":1249,"series":508,"shortDescription":1241,"stem":1253,"tags":1254,"__hash__":1255},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F7.almonds-pistachios-diverged.md","Two crops, two responses - how almonds and pistachios diverged",{"type":9,"value":1194,"toc":1236},[1195,1198,1201,1205,1208,1214,1218,1221,1224,1227,1230,1233],[12,1196,1197],{},"Almonds and pistachios are grown in many of the same regions of California's Central Valley, face the same water constraints, and overlap in their grower base. But their planting trajectories since 2016 have diverged dramatically. The nature of the divergence tells a more nuanced story than aggregate numbers alone.",[12,1199,1200],{},"As usual we highlight that detecting young orchards is difficult, and they tend to be underrepresented in data. Greater weight should be put on relative figures and trends than on absolute levels for very recent plantings.",[26,1202,1204],{"id":1203},"the-almond-story-appears-to-be-primarily-driven-by-economics","The almond story appears to be primarily driven by economics",[12,1206,1207],{},"Almond prices peaked around 2014-2015, and have since experienced a prolonged downturn, especially since 2020 (although this now appears to be reversing). Total almond plantings have collapsed from 136k acres (~55k ha) in 2016 to the low tens of thousands in 2024. The share of those plantings going to white lands has remained stable at roughly 22% through most of this period (with the 2020-2021 exception discussed in our previous post ). When almond growers curtailed planting, they seem to have stopped planting everywhere - inside and outside irrigation districts in roughly equal measure. The inside\u002Foutside split in isolation does not reveal much about changing water-risk behaviour in almonds, because the dominant signal would seem to be the price-driven planting collapse.",[12,1209,1210],{},[15,1211],{"alt":1212,"src":1213},"Statewide almond plantings (in acres) and the 2020 white lands spike. Source: Demeter","\u002Fposts\u002Falmonds-pistachios-diverged\u002Feb518a_2a5684795ede4769bf82af070d9a9254~mv2.png",[26,1215,1217],{"id":1216},"the-pistachio-story-appears-to-be-primarily-a-water-story","The pistachio story appears to be primarily a water story",[12,1219,1220],{},"Pistachio prices held up far better than almonds through this period, and total pistachio plantings remained strong at roughly 35k-41k acres per year (~14k-17k ha) from 2020 through 2022, near all-time highs. The composition of that planting shifted, however. The outside-district share dropped from a historical average of around 20% to 14-15% in 2020-2022, and then to under 9% in 2024.",[12,1222,1223],{},"This may be a cleaner signal for observing how the industry is responding to groundwater constraints. Perhaps pistachio growers had the capital and the crop economics to keep planting, but they increasingly chose to do so inside irrigation districts - locations with access to district-managed surface water in addition to their groundwater, rather than relying primarily on groundwater.",[12,1225,1226],{},"The divergence is especially visible in the 2020-2022 window. Both crops maintained high planting volumes. But almond growers directed an unusually high proportion to white lands (the 2020 spike), while pistachio growers were simultaneously pulling away from white lands. The two crops appear to have responded to the same regulatory environment in opposite ways. This would seem especially counterintuitive given pistachios’ reputation for greater tolerance of low-quality groundwater resources.",[12,1228,1229],{},"The 2023-2024 period brought both crops into sharp decline. But even here, the pattern holds. In 2024, almonds maintained their typical ~23% outside-district share, while pistachios dropped to under 9%.",[12,1231,1232],{},"The divergence extends beyond planting. Looking at removals, California almonds crossed the net-negative threshold in 2022 - more acres removed than planted - and the deficit has widened sharply since. Pistachios remain firmly net-positive, with removals running at a fraction of new planting. These are two industries in very different structural positions, and the gap is visible from both directions.",[12,1234,1235],{},"Next in this series: Westlands Water District - from California's biggest planting destination to near-zero",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1237},[1238,1239],{"id":1203,"depth":52,"text":1204},{"id":1216,"depth":52,"text":1217},"2026-02-19","Almonds and pistachios are grown in many of the same regions of California's Central Valley, face the same water constraints, and overlap in their grower base. But their planting trajectories since 2016 have diverged dramatically.",[1243,1244],{"image":1213},{"image":1245},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmonds-pistachios-diverged\u002Feb518a_2a5684795ede4769bf82af070d9a9254~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Falmonds-pistachios-diverged",{"image":1213,"title":1192},{"meta":1250,"title":1192,"description":1241},[1251],{"name":78,"content":1252},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Two crops, two responses - how almonds and pistachios diverged, Two crops, two responses, how almonds and pistachios diverged, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, pistachio, almond, almonds, pistachios, diverged","research\u002F7.almonds-pistachios-diverged","trends, california, tree-crops, pistachio, almond","rv5n3JN1DWqihsjWQad8hIn9QF5VQcgBbpYg-HYQ5e8",{"id":1257,"title":1258,"author":7,"body":1259,"category":482,"createdAt":1301,"description":1302,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1303,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":1307,"navigation":71,"path":1308,"preview":1309,"seo":1310,"series":508,"shortDescription":1302,"stem":1314,"tags":1188,"__hash__":1315},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F6.2020-anomaly-westlands-planting-spike.md","The 2020 anomaly - a white lands planting spike on the eve of the SGMA",{"type":9,"value":1260,"toc":1298},[1261,1264,1267,1270,1273,1279,1283,1286,1289,1292,1295],[12,1262,1263],{},"In our previous post, we showed that California almond plantings have collapsed from their 2016 peak. But the decline was not smooth. 2020 stands out as an anomaly.",[12,1265,1266],{},"Total almond plantings in 2020 were approximately 119k acres (~48k ha). This was well below the 2016 peak of 136k (~55k ha), but still a substantial year. What was unusual was where those acres went.",[12,1268,1269],{},"Roughly 30% of all almond acres planted in 2020 were outside irrigation districts, compared to a long-run average of about 22%. In absolute terms, nearly 36k acres (~15k ha) of almonds were planted in white lands that year. This was more than any other year in the dataset, which spans four decades. The following year, 2021, the outside-district share was similarly elevated at 29%.",[12,1271,1272],{},"By 2022, the outside-district share had reverted to the historical norm of around 22%, where it has remained since. The spike was concentrated in 2020 and 2021.",[12,1274,1275],{},[15,1276],{"alt":1277,"src":1278},"Share of almonds and pistachio plantings outside irrigation districts. Source: Demeter","\u002Fposts\u002F2020-anomaly-westlands-planting-spike\u002Feb518a_244b583037b8413eb43fb11b812de49a~mv2.png",[26,1280,1282],{"id":1281},"what-happened","What happened?",[12,1284,1285],{},"The timing is hard to ignore. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), enacted in 2014, required Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) in critically overdrawn basins to submit their Groundwater Sustainability Plans by January 2020, with medium- and low-priority basins following by 2022. The 2020 planting spike was spread broadly across many GSAs rather than concentrated in one or two locations, which suggests a widespread pattern of behaviour rather than a single large project skewing the data.",[12,1287,1288],{},"The planting was also notable in light of almond market conditions. In 2020, almond prices had begun a decline that would see them fall to multi-year lows. Growers were planting aggressively on white lands - land outside irrigation districts, at a moment when both the economic signals and the regulatory trajectory pointed toward caution.",[12,1290,1291],{},"From a supply perspective, these 2020-vintage plantings are now approaching their productive years in basins where groundwater sustainability plans are being implemented. They represent a cohort of orchards that were established late, in locations facing increasing water constraints.",[12,1293,1294],{},"The contrast with pistachios is instructive. Pistachio planting in 2020 was also robust - roughly 34k total acres (~14k ha) - but the outside-district share was 19%, close to the historical norm and well below the almond figure. Pistachio growers were planting at similar volumes but were not disproportionately targeting white lands in the same way.",[12,1296,1297],{},"Next in this series: Two crops, two responses - how almonds and pistachios diverged",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1299},[1300],{"id":1281,"depth":52,"text":1282},"2026-02-18","In our previous post , we showed that California almond plantings have collapsed from their 2016 peak. But the decline was not smooth. 2020 stands out as an anomaly.",[1304,1305],{"image":1278},{"image":1306},"\u002Fposts\u002F2020-anomaly-westlands-planting-spike\u002Feb518a_244b583037b8413eb43fb11b812de49a~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002F2020-anomaly-westlands-planting-spike",{"image":1278,"title":1258},{"meta":1311,"title":1258,"description":1302},[1312],{"name":78,"content":1313},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, The 2020 anomaly - a white lands planting spike on the eve of the SGMA, The 2020 anomaly, a white lands planting spike on the eve of the SGMA, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, water, plantings, anomaly, westlands, planting, spike","research\u002F6.2020-anomaly-westlands-planting-spike","VefmZzvOwpTzEn2xM1u1VRLLzPRfA2Cc02BP827TG-s",{"id":1317,"title":1318,"author":7,"body":1319,"category":482,"createdAt":1359,"description":1360,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1361,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":1365,"navigation":71,"path":1366,"preview":1367,"seo":1368,"series":508,"shortDescription":1360,"stem":1372,"tags":1373,"__hash__":1374},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F5.almond-pistachio-plantings-historic-lows.md","Almond and pistachio plantings in California have fallen dramatically",{"type":9,"value":1320,"toc":1357},[1321,1324,1327,1330,1336,1339,1342,1345,1348,1351,1354],[12,1322,1323],{},"California's almond and pistachio sectors are planting fewer acres than at any point in the modern era. Demeter has cross-referenced a variety of datasets, including the Department of Water Resources' Land Use Mapping, to track every acre of almonds and pistachios planted and removed in the state over a period of four decades.",[12,1325,1326],{},"The granularity of the analysis exposes a number of dynamics that may be hidden in the high-level aggregates.",[12,1328,1329],{},"It is important to highlight that accurately detecting young orchards is difficult, and they tend to be underrepresented in data. Greater weight should be put on relative figures and trends than on absolute levels for very recent plantings.",[12,1331,1332],{},[15,1333],{"alt":1334,"src":1335},"California almond and pistachio plantings (acres) 2014-2024. Source: Demeter","\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-pistachio-plantings-historic-lows\u002Feb518a_db9ee05218024c53ad9d48eb50861bdd~mv2.png",[12,1337,1338],{},"Almonds peaked at nearly 136k acres (~55k ha) of new plantings in 2016. By 2024, that figure had fallen below 12k acres (~5k ha) - a decline of more than 90%. Even if we were to adjust for likely underdetection, finding a year with fewer almond acres planted requires looking back to the late 1980s, when the California almond industry was a fraction of its current size.",[12,1340,1341],{},"Pistachios told a different story for longer. Total pistachio plantings remained robust through 2022, with roughly 41k acres (~17k ha) planted that year, which was close to the all-time high. But 2023 and 2024 brought a sharp contraction. Just 6,100 acres (~2.5k ha) were planted in 2024, a level not seen since the early 2000s. Again this picture does not materially change even if the figure is inflated by a multiple of 2-3x to account for potential underdetection.",[12,1343,1344],{},"These numbers relate to plantings only. We address removals in subsequent briefs. New plantings are the leading indicator of future supply, since an almond tree planted today will not produce a meaningful crop for three years at a minimum; a pistachio tree, six or seven. The planting decisions being made now (and not made now) shape supply curves well into the next decade.",[12,1346,1347],{},"The data also allows us to distinguish between plantings made inside irrigation districts - where growers have access to district-managed surface water - and plantings made outside districts, on what is sometimes known as \"white lands,\" where growers are dependent on groundwater. More specifically still, we can investigate the profile of orchards in individual districts, groundwater basins and Groundwater Sustainability Agencies as required by California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).",[12,1349,1350],{},"We will also present data on orchard removals. This includes the locations of removed orchards, their age at removal and the resulting net planting position.",[12,1352,1353],{},"This series uses data to explore how the two crops have diverged in their responses to water constraints, which districts and basins are gaining or losing planting activity, and the emerging geography of these two powerhouse permanent crops in a post-SGMA California.",[12,1355,1356],{},"Next in this series: The 2020 anomaly - a white lands planting spike on the eve of The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA)",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1358},[],"2026-02-17","California's almond and pistachio sectors are planting fewer acres than at any point in the modern era. Demeter has cross-referenced a variety of datasets, including the Department of Water Resources' Land Use Mapping, to track every acre of almonds and pistachios planted and rem…",[1362,1363],{"image":1335},{"image":1364},"\u002Fposts\u002Falmond-pistachio-plantings-historic-lows\u002Feb518a_db9ee05218024c53ad9d48eb50861bdd~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Falmond-pistachio-plantings-historic-lows",{"image":1335,"title":1318},{"meta":1369,"title":1318,"description":1360},[1370],{"name":78,"content":1371},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Almond and pistachio plantings in California have fallen dramatically, Trend Series, trends, california, tree-crops, pistachio, almond, plantings, historic","research\u002F5.almond-pistachio-plantings-historic-lows","trends, california, tree-crops, pistachio, almond, plantings","7w_c0oh7--tfD_pezRhJz2Tzsqw_G0sm-oZZnZVVN2o",{"id":1376,"title":1377,"author":7,"body":1378,"category":56,"createdAt":1412,"description":1387,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1413,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":1423,"navigation":71,"path":1424,"preview":1425,"seo":1426,"series":58,"shortDescription":1387,"stem":1430,"tags":1431,"__hash__":1432},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F3.dasi-2025-26-week-22.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 22",{"type":9,"value":1379,"toc":1408},[1380,1385,1388,1390,1395,1399,1404,1406],[12,1381,1382],{},[15,1383],{"alt":17,"src":1384},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-22\u002Ffb692e_fa507160289142798450c54b41973c76~mv2.png",[12,1386,1387],{},"With sufficient winter chill accumulated across California's almond footprint and bloom insufficiently far advanced to move the index, DASI remains unchanged at 100.6.",[26,1389,29],{"id":28},[12,1391,1392],{},[15,1393],{"alt":17,"src":1394},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-22\u002Ffb692e_345df7beb4254692bb5d413b47dad091~mv2.png",[26,1396,1398],{"id":1397},"county-level-breakdown-week-22","County-level breakdown - Week 22",[12,1400,1401],{},[15,1402],{"alt":17,"src":1403},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-22\u002Ffb692e_3b650c827eec4d4bbf65c6eb35b694a6~mv2.png",[12,1405,46],{},[12,1407,49],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1409},[1410,1411],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":1397,"depth":52,"text":1398},"2026-02-16",[1414,1415,1416,1417,1419,1421],{"image":1384},{"image":1394},{"image":1403},{"image":1418},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-22\u002Ffb692e_fa507160289142798450c54b41973c76~mv2-2.png",{"image":1420},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-22\u002Ffb692e_345df7beb4254692bb5d413b47dad091~mv2-2.png",{"image":1422},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-22\u002Ffb692e_3b650c827eec4d4bbf65c6eb35b694a6~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-22",{"image":1384,"title":1377,"meta":74},{"meta":1427,"title":1377,"description":1387},[1428],{"name":78,"content":1429},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 22, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 22, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-22, week","research\u002F3.dasi-2025-26-week-22","almond, dasi, season-index, week-22","09UUzdp7RxU0On-YoF4yTDSBI3bxN83AcviAgHrcMpU",{"id":1434,"title":1435,"author":7,"body":1436,"category":56,"createdAt":1463,"description":1445,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1464,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":1471,"navigation":71,"path":1472,"preview":1473,"seo":1474,"series":58,"shortDescription":1445,"stem":1478,"tags":1479,"__hash__":1480},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F2.dasi-2025-26-week-20.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 20",{"type":9,"value":1437,"toc":1460},[1438,1443,1446,1449,1451,1456,1458],[12,1439,1440],{},[15,1441],{"alt":17,"src":1442},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-20\u002Feb518a_708e3358fdfb48319b7b3db71167f146~mv2.png",[12,1444,1445],{},"Movement in the DASI was muted as the remaining areas of California's almond growing footprint reached the sufficient threshold for winter chill accumulation for all almond varieties.",[12,1447,1448],{},"Accumulation was slower than average in the Sacramento Valley and the Northern San Joaquin Valley compared to the 10-year average.",[26,1450,29],{"id":28},[12,1452,1453],{},[15,1454],{"alt":17,"src":1455},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-20\u002Feb518a_25120b01530649cbacadf6419b9e8d3a~mv2.png",[12,1457,46],{},[12,1459,49],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1461},[1462],{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},"2026-02-02",[1465,1466,1467,1469],{"image":1442},{"image":1455},{"image":1468},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-20\u002Feb518a_708e3358fdfb48319b7b3db71167f146~mv2-2.png",{"image":1470},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-20\u002Feb518a_25120b01530649cbacadf6419b9e8d3a~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-20",{"image":1442,"title":1435,"meta":74},{"meta":1475,"title":1435,"description":1445},[1476],{"name":78,"content":1477},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 20, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 20, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-20, week","research\u002F2.dasi-2025-26-week-20","almond, dasi, season-index, week-20","nVMH3xUPcHpWAbQIk3Z1egrIUxscNmoVPqpADi6yeXE",{"id":1482,"title":1483,"author":7,"body":1484,"category":56,"createdAt":1560,"description":1497,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1561,"lastUpdatedAt":58,"meta":1568,"navigation":71,"path":1569,"preview":1570,"seo":1571,"series":58,"shortDescription":1497,"stem":1575,"tags":1576,"__hash__":1577},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F1.dasi-2025-26 week-18.md","2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 18",{"type":9,"value":1485,"toc":1553},[1486,1491,1495,1498,1501,1504,1508,1511,1514,1517,1521,1524,1527,1529,1532,1534,1539,1541,1543,1545],[12,1487,1488],{},[15,1489],{"alt":17,"src":1490},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-week-18-2025-26\u002Ffb692e_e4943488242f42cea249b2d920479790~mv2.png",[575,1492,1494],{"id":1493},"sacramento-valley","Sacramento Valley",[12,1496,1497],{},"A statewide heavy rain event caused the Sacramento Valley index to rise substantially in mid-October",[12,1499,1500],{},"Chill portions did not begin accumulating until 6th November, and did not begin accumulating in a significant way until the middle of the month",[12,1502,1503],{},"No chill portions were accumulated in the week of 16th December",[575,1505,1507],{"id":1506},"northern-san-joaquin-valley","Northern San Joaquin Valley",[12,1509,1510],{},"A statewide heavy rain event caused the Northern San Joaquin Valley index to rise substantially in mid-October",[12,1512,1513],{},"Chill portions did not begin accumulating until the middle of November, below the long-run average, contributing to the index's decline",[12,1515,1516],{},"No chill portions were accumulated in the week of 19th December",[575,1518,1520],{"id":1519},"southern-san-joaquin-valley","Southern San Joaquin Valley",[12,1522,1523],{},"A rain event in the post-harvest season caused the Southern San Joaquin Valley index to spike in mid-September",[12,1525,1526],{},"A statewide heavy rain event caused the Southern San Joaquin Valley index to rise substantially in mid-October",[12,1528,1513],{},[12,1530,1531],{},"No chill portions were accumulated in the week of 20th December",[26,1533,29],{"id":28},[12,1535,1536],{},[15,1537],{"alt":17,"src":1538},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-week-18-2025-26\u002Ffb692e_4d277a91bd604ab3adb4fdd9d6d8de03~mv2.png",[12,1540,46],{},[12,1542,49],{},[26,1544,934],{"id":933},[936,1546,1547],{},[939,1548,941,1549],{},[374,1550,1551],{"href":1551,"rel":1552},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.demeterdata.ag\u002Fpost\u002Fdemeter-almond-season-index-dasi-week-18-2025-26",[382],{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1554},[1555,1556,1557,1558,1559],{"id":1493,"depth":633,"text":1494},{"id":1506,"depth":633,"text":1507},{"id":1519,"depth":633,"text":1520},{"id":28,"depth":52,"text":29},{"id":933,"depth":52,"text":934},"2026-01-21",[1562,1563,1564,1566],{"image":1490},{"image":1538},{"image":1565},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-week-18-2025-26\u002Ffb692e_e4943488242f42cea249b2d920479790~mv2-2.png",{"image":1567},"\u002Fposts\u002Fdasi-week-18-2025-26\u002Ffb692e_4d277a91bd604ab3adb4fdd9d6d8de03~mv2-2.png",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fdasi-2025-26-week-18",{"image":1490,"title":1483,"meta":74},{"meta":1572,"title":1483,"description":1497},[1573],{"name":78,"content":1574},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update - Week 18, 2025\u002F26 Demeter Almond Season Index Update, Week 18, Almond Season Index, almond, dasi, season-index, week-18, week","research\u002F1.dasi-2025-26 week-18","almond, dasi, season-index, week-18","THU7D3CpiNatZUUR6Mu4QXyGzQ868NNrZho6zzSLVLs",{"id":1579,"title":1580,"author":1581,"body":1582,"category":58,"createdAt":1639,"description":1640,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":58,"lastUpdatedAt":1560,"meta":1641,"navigation":71,"path":1642,"preview":1643,"seo":1645,"series":58,"shortDescription":1640,"stem":1649,"tags":58,"__hash__":1650},"research\u002Fresearch\u002F0.plants-hidden-clock.md","Tick-Tock: Inside a Plant’s Hidden Clock","Andrew Wood",{"type":9,"value":1583,"toc":1636},[1584,1588,1591,1594,1597,1600,1603,1606,1609,1612,1615,1618,1621,1624,1627,1630,1633],[26,1585,1587],{"id":1586},"how-growing-degree-days-gdd-help-understand-crop-suitability-yield-potential-and-in-season-development","How Growing Degree Days (GDD) help understand crop suitability, yield potential and in-season development",[12,1589,1590],{},"Humanity measures time by movement. Sundials use the rate of the rotation of the Earth throughout the day. A mechanical watch uses gears that click around at a precise rate. Ancient Chinese and Babylonian water clocks used a series of vessels of water that flowed into each other to tell which hour of the day it was. The rate method is perhaps best encapsulated with an hourglass, the double-bulbed glassware full of sand that allowed the concept of recordable time to be taken around the globe on ships.",[12,1592,1593],{},"Fundamentally, all of these are a rate, a progression over time that allows a human to work out what period has elapsed. But if you were not a human and instead, say , a plant, how would you know what time it is?",[12,1595,1596],{},"Plants keep time using two different methods.",[12,1598,1599],{},"They use two of the fundamental drivers of plant growth – light and temperature – but measure them in different ways. Light is measured each day as day-length; temperature is a cumulative quantity since the last time there was a cold\u002Fwarm change.",[12,1601,1602],{},"When plants know what time of year it is, they can make life-cycle decisions, like when to wake up from their dormant state, when to flower, and when to fruit. These phenological (life-stage) events are what drive our yield, determine fruit size, and ultimately dictate the size and quality of marketable crop in each season. A plant that grows too early in the season may be hit by frost or excessive rain in its flowering window, reducing fruit load. But a plant that grows too late may be outcompeted, losing light, water and nutrients to its neighbours.",[12,1604,1605],{},"Notable examples of plants that use light to make their life-cycle decisions include rice, spinach, some major cereals, blueberries, strawberries, hazelnuts and peas. Their day-length clock is molecules called phytochromes that accumulate in the dark and are broken down by light. The rate of their decomposition is constant in light. Until the decomposition products reach a specific concentration (i.e. a certain amount of light has been accumulated in a day), they will not move their clock onto the next stage. In tropical and high-latitude species where the light regime is consistent, so too is their seasonal clock.",[12,1607,1608],{},"In temperate and Mediterranean regions, by contrast, springtime light is variable. Clouds cover the sky, so light accumulation is an unreliable rate clock. To counteract this, many temperate plants use temperature – either thermal time or vernalisation .",[12,1610,1611],{},"Thermal time, often expressed in growing degree days (GDD), is the other method of time expression. GDD measures the energy available to the plant for growth above a dormancy temperature threshold. This threshold varies by crop but is most often set at 5 or 10°C. Because photosynthesis is a temperature-dependent reaction, higher temperatures allow for greater energy production by the plant. Broadly speaking, higher temperature means the plant can produce more energy, and more energy increases yields and quality. GDD is important because it correlates strongly with production of fruits, nuts, and vegetation.",[12,1613,1614],{},"Since its first use in 1735, GDD has been the standard measure of plant energy availability around the world. It forms the basis for bioclimatic classifications like the Huglin and Winkler Indices that suggest suitability for different crops and varieties in a given area. GDD is also the basis for many phenological models in fruits like apples and grapes, nuts like almonds, and the major grains like wheat, rice and corn. All use a version of heat units to determine phenological stages.",[12,1616,1617],{},"Global Growing Degree Days Average (2025-2024, Base 10 °C); Source: Demeter",[12,1619,1620],{},"Vernalisation is a measure of the cold experienced or “how much winter has passed”. It works by genetically preventing the plant from growing or flowering, with each cold snap adding another blocker to the process. The blockers prevent ice from building up and damaging the plant and once temperatures warm up again, the blockers are progressively removed, and growth can commence. Vernalisation is generally measured using chilling units, a measure of the hours that are experienced at less than 5-7°C (depending on species).",[12,1622,1623],{},"Global Chill Portion Average (2015-2024). Source: Demeter",[12,1625,1626],{},"Plants using thermal time can combine GDD and vernalisation. To end dormancy, fruit and nut trees must first accumulate enough winter chilling. Once dormancy is broken, they accumulate GDD until buds burst and flowers open. To predict flowering for species like almonds, apples, peaches, pistachios and hazelnuts we should first calculate winter chill accumulation and subsequently the growing degree day accumulation up to flowering.",[12,1628,1629],{},"Calculating and exploring global GDD accumulations gives us a window into crop suitability, yield potential, and how the current crop year is likely to be shaping up. As such, they are an essential part of any toolkit for thesis building, underwriting and monitoring. It’s important to match the predictor to the crop, however. To understand almond yields, for example, GDD accumulation is vital. To understand the timing of rice harvests, on the other hand, we should look to length of days and sunlight availability.",[12,1631,1632],{},"Plants think in terms of energy, they see in terms of light availability, and to understand each of those we need to use and compare temperature and light datasets. Humans do not intrinsically think like a plant, but data can help us to see the world from a plant’s perspective.",[12,1634,1635],{},"No measure is perfect in isolation, but fine-scale data on temperature and light – whether simple readings or complex indices – are the most closely aligned with how crops see time, and provide a valuable insight into likely performance.",{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1637},[1638],{"id":1586,"depth":52,"text":1587},"2025-11-12","Humanity measures time by movement. Sundials use the rate of the rotation of the Earth throughout the day. A mechanical watch uses gears that click around at a precise rate.",{},"\u002Fresearch\u002Fplants-hidden-clock",{"image":51,"title":1580,"meta":1644},"Andrew Wood · 4 min read",{"meta":1646,"title":1580,"description":1640},[1647],{"name":78,"content":1648},"demeter, demeter data, agriculture data, agricultural indices, agtech, Tick-Tock: Inside a Plant’s Hidden Clock, Tick, Tock, Inside a Plant’s Hidden Clock, plants, hidden, clock","research\u002F0.plants-hidden-clock","dSUxskAQ8dyPQhbRdbtX-7cWA_LCX_1vxYY30vxqxNA",[],[1653,1690,1728,1769,1818,1868,1909,1999,2062,2150],{"id":1317,"title":1318,"author":7,"body":1654,"category":482,"createdAt":1359,"description":1360,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1682,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":1685,"navigation":71,"path":1366,"preview":1686,"seo":1687,"series":508,"shortDescription":1360,"stem":1372,"tags":1373,"__hash__":1374},{"type":9,"value":1655,"toc":1680},[1656,1658,1660,1662,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678],[12,1657,1323],{},[12,1659,1326],{},[12,1661,1329],{},[12,1663,1664],{},[15,1665],{"alt":1334,"src":1335},[12,1667,1338],{},[12,1669,1341],{},[12,1671,1344],{},[12,1673,1347],{},[12,1675,1350],{},[12,1677,1353],{},[12,1679,1356],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1681},[],[1683,1684],{"image":1335},{"image":1364},{},{"image":1335,"title":1318},{"meta":1688,"title":1318,"description":1360},[1689],{"name":78,"content":1371},{"id":1257,"title":1258,"author":7,"body":1691,"category":482,"createdAt":1301,"description":1302,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1720,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":1723,"navigation":71,"path":1308,"preview":1724,"seo":1725,"series":508,"shortDescription":1302,"stem":1314,"tags":1188,"__hash__":1315},{"type":9,"value":1692,"toc":1717},[1693,1695,1697,1699,1701,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713,1715],[12,1694,1263],{},[12,1696,1266],{},[12,1698,1269],{},[12,1700,1272],{},[12,1702,1703],{},[15,1704],{"alt":1277,"src":1278},[26,1706,1282],{"id":1281},[12,1708,1285],{},[12,1710,1288],{},[12,1712,1291],{},[12,1714,1294],{},[12,1716,1297],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1718},[1719],{"id":1281,"depth":52,"text":1282},[1721,1722],{"image":1278},{"image":1306},{},{"image":1278,"title":1258},{"meta":1726,"title":1258,"description":1302},[1727],{"name":78,"content":1313},{"id":1191,"title":1192,"author":7,"body":1729,"category":482,"createdAt":1240,"description":1241,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1761,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":1764,"navigation":71,"path":1247,"preview":1765,"seo":1766,"series":508,"shortDescription":1241,"stem":1253,"tags":1254,"__hash__":1255},{"type":9,"value":1730,"toc":1757},[1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755],[12,1732,1197],{},[12,1734,1200],{},[26,1736,1204],{"id":1203},[12,1738,1207],{},[12,1740,1741],{},[15,1742],{"alt":1212,"src":1213},[26,1744,1217],{"id":1216},[12,1746,1220],{},[12,1748,1223],{},[12,1750,1226],{},[12,1752,1229],{},[12,1754,1232],{},[12,1756,1235],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1758},[1759,1760],{"id":1203,"depth":52,"text":1204},{"id":1216,"depth":52,"text":1217},[1762,1763],{"image":1213},{"image":1245},{},{"image":1213,"title":1192},{"meta":1767,"title":1192,"description":1241},[1768],{"name":78,"content":1252},{"id":1117,"title":1118,"author":7,"body":1770,"category":482,"createdAt":1173,"description":1174,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1810,"lastUpdatedAt":1179,"meta":1813,"navigation":71,"path":1181,"preview":1814,"seo":1815,"series":508,"shortDescription":1174,"stem":1187,"tags":1188,"__hash__":1189},{"type":9,"value":1771,"toc":1805},[1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794,1796,1798],[12,1773,1123],{},[26,1775,1127],{"id":1126},[12,1777,1130],{},[26,1779,1134],{"id":1133},[12,1781,1137],{},[12,1783,1784],{},[15,1785],{"alt":997,"src":1142},[12,1787,1145],{},[12,1789,1148],{},[12,1791,1151],{},[12,1793,1154],{},[12,1795,1157],{},[26,1797,934],{"id":933},[936,1799,1800],{},[939,1801,941,1802],{},[374,1803,1166],{"href":1166,"rel":1804},[382],{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1806},[1807,1808,1809],{"id":1126,"depth":52,"text":1127},{"id":1133,"depth":52,"text":1134},{"id":933,"depth":52,"text":934},[1811,1812],{"image":1142},{"image":1178},{},{"image":1142,"title":1118},{"meta":1816,"title":1118,"description":1174},[1817],{"name":78,"content":1186},{"id":1039,"title":1040,"author":7,"body":1819,"category":482,"createdAt":1101,"description":1045,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1860,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":1863,"navigation":71,"path":1107,"preview":1864,"seo":1865,"series":508,"shortDescription":1045,"stem":1113,"tags":1114,"__hash__":1115},{"type":9,"value":1820,"toc":1855},[1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845,1849,1851,1853],[12,1822,1045],{},[12,1824,1048],{},[26,1826,1052],{"id":1051},[12,1828,1055],{},[12,1830,1058],{},[12,1832,1061],{},[12,1834,1064],{},[26,1836,1068],{"id":1067},[12,1838,1071],{},[12,1840,1074],{},[12,1842,1077],{},[12,1844,1080],{},[12,1846,1847],{},[15,1848],{"alt":17,"src":1085},[26,1850,1089],{"id":1088},[12,1852,1092],{},[12,1854,1095],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1856},[1857,1858,1859],{"id":1051,"depth":52,"text":1052},{"id":1067,"depth":52,"text":1068},{"id":1088,"depth":52,"text":1089},[1861,1862],{"image":1085},{"image":1105},{},{"image":1085,"title":1040},{"meta":1866,"title":1040,"description":1045},[1867],{"name":78,"content":1112},{"id":973,"title":974,"author":7,"body":1869,"category":482,"createdAt":1022,"description":1023,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1901,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":1904,"navigation":71,"path":1029,"preview":1905,"seo":1906,"series":508,"shortDescription":1023,"stem":1035,"tags":1036,"__hash__":1037},{"type":9,"value":1870,"toc":1897},[1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895],[12,1872,979],{},[26,1874,983],{"id":982},[12,1876,986],{},[12,1878,989],{},[12,1880,992],{},[12,1882,1883],{},[15,1884],{"alt":997,"src":998},[26,1886,1002],{"id":1001},[12,1888,1005],{},[12,1890,1008],{},[12,1892,1011],{},[12,1894,1014],{},[12,1896,1017],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1898},[1899,1900],{"id":982,"depth":52,"text":983},{"id":1001,"depth":52,"text":1002},[1902,1903],{"image":998},{"image":1027},{},{"image":998,"title":974},{"meta":1907,"title":974,"description":1023},[1908],{"name":78,"content":1034},{"id":754,"title":755,"author":7,"body":1910,"category":482,"createdAt":863,"description":760,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":1983,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":1994,"navigation":71,"path":389,"preview":1995,"seo":1996,"series":508,"shortDescription":760,"stem":886,"tags":887,"__hash__":888},{"type":9,"value":1911,"toc":1974},[1912,1914,1916,1920,1922,1924,1928,1930,1932,1934,1936,1938,1942,1944,1948,1950,1952,1954,1956,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972],[12,1913,760],{},[12,1915,763],{},[12,1917,1918],{},[15,1919],{"alt":17,"src":768},[26,1921,772],{"id":771},[12,1923,775],{},[12,1925,1926],{},[15,1927],{"alt":780,"src":781},[12,1929,784],{},[26,1931,788],{"id":787},[12,1933,791],{},[26,1935,795],{"id":794},[12,1937,798],{},[12,1939,1940],{},[15,1941],{"alt":17,"src":803},[12,1943,806],{},[12,1945,1946],{},[15,1947],{"alt":17,"src":811},[26,1949,815],{"id":814},[12,1951,818],{},[26,1953,822],{"id":821},[12,1955,825],{},[12,1957,1958],{},[15,1959],{"alt":17,"src":830},[12,1961,833],{},[26,1963,837],{"id":836},[12,1965,840],{},[26,1967,844],{"id":843},[12,1969,847],{},[12,1971,850],{},[12,1973,853],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":1975},[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],{"id":771,"depth":52,"text":772},{"id":787,"depth":52,"text":788},{"id":794,"depth":52,"text":795},{"id":814,"depth":52,"text":815},{"id":821,"depth":52,"text":822},{"id":836,"depth":52,"text":837},{"id":843,"depth":52,"text":844},[1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],{"image":768},{"image":781},{"image":803},{"image":811},{"image":830},{"image":871},{"image":873},{"image":875},{"image":877},{"image":879},{},{"image":768,"title":755},{"meta":1997,"title":755,"description":760},[1998],{"name":78,"content":885},{"id":657,"title":658,"author":7,"body":2000,"category":482,"createdAt":732,"description":663,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":2050,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":2057,"navigation":71,"path":744,"preview":2058,"seo":2059,"series":508,"shortDescription":663,"stem":750,"tags":751,"__hash__":752},{"type":9,"value":2001,"toc":2044},[2002,2004,2006,2008,2012,2014,2016,2020,2022,2024,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042],[12,2003,663],{},[26,2005,667],{"id":666},[12,2007,670],{},[12,2009,2010],{},[15,2011],{"alt":17,"src":675},[12,2013,678],{},[12,2015,681],{},[12,2017,2018],{},[15,2019],{"alt":686,"src":687},[26,2021,691],{"id":690},[12,2023,694],{},[12,2025,2026],{},[15,2027],{"alt":17,"src":699},[12,2029,702],{},[12,2031,705],{},[26,2033,709],{"id":708},[12,2035,712],{},[26,2037,716],{"id":715},[12,2039,719],{},[12,2041,722],{},[12,2043,725],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":2045},[2046,2047,2048,2049],{"id":666,"depth":52,"text":667},{"id":690,"depth":52,"text":691},{"id":708,"depth":52,"text":709},{"id":715,"depth":52,"text":716},[2051,2052,2053,2054,2055,2056],{"image":675},{"image":687},{"image":699},{"image":738},{"image":740},{"image":742},{},{"image":675,"title":658},{"meta":2060,"title":658,"description":663},[2061],{"name":78,"content":749},{"id":513,"title":514,"author":7,"body":2063,"category":482,"createdAt":639,"description":640,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":2142,"lastUpdatedAt":645,"meta":2145,"navigation":71,"path":647,"preview":2146,"seo":2147,"series":508,"shortDescription":640,"stem":653,"tags":654,"__hash__":655},{"type":9,"value":2064,"toc":2127},[2065,2067,2069,2071,2073,2075,2079,2081,2083,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125],[12,2066,519],{},[12,2068,522],{},[26,2070,526],{"id":525},[12,2072,529],{},[12,2074,532],{},[12,2076,2077],{},[15,2078],{"alt":537,"src":538},[26,2080,542],{"id":541},[12,2082,545],{},[26,2084,549],{"id":548},[12,2086,552],{},[26,2088,556],{"id":555},[12,2090,559],{},[26,2092,563],{"id":562},[12,2094,566],{},[26,2096,570],{"id":569},[12,2098,573],{},[575,2100,578],{"id":577},[12,2102,581],{},[575,2104,585],{"id":584},[12,2106,588],{},[575,2108,592],{"id":591},[12,2110,595],{},[575,2112,599],{"id":598},[12,2114,602],{},[575,2116,606],{"id":605},[12,2118,609],{},[12,2120,612],{},[26,2122,616],{"id":615},[12,2124,619],{},[12,2126,622],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":2128},[2129,2130,2131,2132,2133,2134,2141],{"id":525,"depth":52,"text":526},{"id":541,"depth":52,"text":542},{"id":548,"depth":52,"text":549},{"id":555,"depth":52,"text":556},{"id":562,"depth":52,"text":563},{"id":569,"depth":52,"text":570,"children":2135},[2136,2137,2138,2139,2140],{"id":577,"depth":633,"text":578},{"id":584,"depth":633,"text":585},{"id":591,"depth":633,"text":592},{"id":598,"depth":633,"text":599},{"id":605,"depth":633,"text":606},{"id":615,"depth":52,"text":616},[2143,2144],{"image":538},{"image":644},{},{"image":538,"title":514},{"meta":2148,"title":514,"description":640},[2149],{"name":78,"content":652},{"id":363,"title":364,"author":7,"body":2151,"category":482,"createdAt":483,"description":484,"downloadGate":58,"extension":59,"images":2230,"lastUpdatedAt":348,"meta":2241,"navigation":71,"path":502,"preview":2242,"seo":2243,"series":508,"shortDescription":484,"stem":509,"tags":510,"__hash__":511},{"type":9,"value":2152,"toc":2224},[2153,2162,2166,2168,2170,2172,2176,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196,2198,2202,2206,2208,2210,2212,2216,2218],[12,2154,2155],{},[370,2156,372,2157,377,2159,383],{},[374,2158,376],{"href":350},[374,2160,376],{"href":380,"rel":2161},[382],[12,2163,386,2164,391],{},[374,2165,390],{"href":389},[12,2167,394],{},[26,2169,398],{"id":397},[12,2171,401],{},[12,2173,2174],{},[15,2175],{"alt":17,"src":406},[12,2177,2178],{},[15,2179],{"alt":17,"src":411},[12,2181,414],{},[26,2183,418],{"id":417},[12,2185,421],{},[12,2187,424],{},[12,2189,427],{},[12,2191,430],{},[12,2193,433],{},[26,2195,437],{"id":436},[12,2197,440],{},[12,2199,2200],{},[15,2201],{"alt":17,"src":445},[12,2203,2204],{},[15,2205],{"alt":17,"src":450},[12,2207,453],{},[26,2209,457],{"id":456},[12,2211,460],{},[12,2213,2214],{},[15,2215],{"alt":17,"src":465},[12,2217,468],{},[12,2219,2220],{},[370,2221,473,2222,383],{},[374,2223,376],{"href":350},{"title":51,"searchDepth":52,"depth":52,"links":2225},[2226,2227,2228,2229],{"id":397,"depth":52,"text":398},{"id":417,"depth":52,"text":418},{"id":436,"depth":52,"text":437},{"id":456,"depth":52,"text":457},[2231,2232,2233,2234,2235,2236,2237,2238,2239,2240],{"image":406},{"image":411},{"image":445},{"image":450},{"image":465},{"image":492},{"image":494},{"image":496},{"image":498},{"image":500},{},{"image":406,"title":364},{"meta":2244,"title":364,"description":484},[2245],{"name":78,"content":507},1776981671801]